Sample Thesis free essay sample

Looking around at daily life, the pattern of computer oriented devices make life easier. All of the computerized facets in our society help to increase our daily productivity and help us to do whatever it is we need to accomplish in the day. The computer age is upon the people and it will continue to grow in influence until society revolves around it daily. In personal computers, the industry has begun to create faster machines that can store much more information. A computer is a device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information. The particular sequence of operations can be change readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem. The interface between the computer and human operator is known as the user interface. [MIFF2009] The internet in simple terms is a network of the interlinked computer networking worldwide, which is accessible to the general public. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Thesis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These interconnected computers work by transmitting data through a special type of packet switching which is known as the IP or the internet protocol. [YOUR2013] Internet is such a huge network of several different interlinked networks relating to the business, government, academic, and even smaller domestic networks, therefore internet is known as the network of all the other networks. These networks enable the internet to be used for various important functions which include the several means of communications like the file transfer, the online chat and even the sharing of the documents and web sites on the WWW, or the World Wide Web. Website is a set of interconnected web pages, usually including a homepage, generally located on the same server, and prepared and maintained as a collection of information by a person, group, or organization. [MIFF2009] Information systems are implemented within an organization for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of that organization. Capabilities of the information system and characteristics of the organizations, its work systems, people development and implementation methodologies determine the extent to which that purpose is achieved. With the use of Online Information System for Sta. Maria Fire Station, people will be able to understand the importance of knowing what the possibilities are might happen due to their carelessness when it comes to their safety. Also, the website will view the offered services so that the people don’t need to visit the main station to inquire but simply use the internet to see all the information about the fire incidents, preventive tips and safety measures of the fire station. 1. 1 Statement of the Problem General Problem: How will the proponents develop an Online Information System for Sta. Maria Fire Station that will motivate people more on efficient information about fire prevention and safety animation tips and tutorials Specific Problems: How will the proponents create a user- friendly interface which the user can easily understand. This becomes a problem if the person who is not computer literate, they have a hard time to understand and navigate the system. Unpleasant web design may cause unintentional mistakes and miss out the interests of the user. How will the proponents create a page that will secure unauthorized person to access important information. Due to manual process of the Sta. Maria Fire Station, important documents were not organized and only stored in computer ­, ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ filling cabinet, and even in wall shelves without any security causing the data to be access by unauthorized persons that can alter and easily destroy files. How will the proponents create appropriate animations, tutorials, and other multimedia elements for the proposed system. The fire station is conducting few events including seminars and still using the traditional ways of giving instructions that eventually may cause the people to get bored and at the same time, that the topics discussed on these events may be easily slip one’s mind. How will the proponents create a page that will post and update all activities of the Fire Station. Posting and updating the schedule of activities in a bulletin board is very risky due to its tendency to be destroyed unintentionally. Because of lacking of more space, previous announcements are being removed to create new one. And using materials and creating posters are time consuming and money wasting. How will the proponents create a page that will enable the user to send their comments and suggestions to the fire station Due to tradition process, the residents of Sta. Maria are having a hard time in getting information of the fire station. The residents also not informed if there is an announcement, activities or even seminars. 1. 2 Current State of the Technology Computers nowadays are widely spread to industries and businesses. People use it to make their work easier, faster and more accurate that reduces problems and errors. Many companies have already using the computerized and online system that is now making big roles in socializing people and distributing information. Creating websites or online systems expands the process of sharing, receiving and publishing information in a very quick and real – time manner. Information system is also an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing data and for delivering information, knowledge, and digital products. Sta. Maria Fire Station is located at Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan. Before, both the police and fire station belongs in the same department. But since 1991, the fire station became separated and established causes to lose some important files. In the current system, the fire station is still using the manual process and accumulates several difficulties. SMFS announcements are posted only in bulletin board where pares and push pins are the tolls in posting updates and activities. Posting of events are made after the activity. Log books and other important documents are stored in filling cabinets and bookshelves indie and outside of the fire station’s office. Therefore, the materials have the tendency to be easily destroyed and fade as time passes by. The commonly problem of the establishment other than the lack of equipment is communicating and sharing information to people. SMFS owned 2 functional computers with internet connection and are used for making monthly reports and seminar’s presentation. The BFP requires different structures such as barangays, schools, hospitals and buildings to conduct seminars and inspections that are made through request. They also make inspection on submitted business permits. BFP requires conducting seminars so that the residents of Sta. Maria know how simple preventions will help and what they are going to do during incidents. They are only using projectors, LCD, Power Point Presentation, white board and marker. Presently, instead of 21, the fire station only have 18 firemen , composed of 10 Uniformed Personnel and 8 Non Uniformed Personnel (5Nurses assigned in fire aid and 3 volunteers). Uniformed Personnel are trained by the BFP (Bureau of Fire Protection). Sta. Maria Fire Station Vision A modern, efficient and responsive national fire protection agency working towards a public safety conscious society. Maria Fire Station Mission To protect lives and properties through the prevention and suppression of destructive fires; investigation of their causes and the provision of emergency medical and rescue services with the active support of the public. General Objectives To be able to create an Online Information System for Sta. Maria Fire Station that will give efficient information and safety animation tips and tutorials on fire preventing 1. 3. 2 Specific Objectives To be able to create a user friendly interface which the user can easily understand. The proponents will create a user friendly interface that can be used by anyone even if the users have no deep knowledge on it. This kind of interface can be immediately understood especially for the SMFS user/s and the usage of the system can be learned quickly. Simultaneously, it guides the user through the critical path. To be able to create a page that will secure unauthorized persons to access the proposed system. The proposed system will be having a tight security in keeping the files by creating a log-in page both for the page visitors and admin that contains username and password so that only the authorized person can access the system. Where, only the admin of the website can see all the fire station’s important information while page visitors have limited access on the SMFS’s web page. To be able to create the appropriate animations, tutorials, and other multimedia elements for the proposed system. Incorporating animations in fire safety and prevention tips, fire mitigation and some multimedia elements to the proposed system that the SMFS can use to different events, especially in conducting seminars, will encourage the user/s to easily understand and remember the instruction and information regarding fire preventing. To be able to create a page that will post and update all activities of the Fire Station. The proponents will create a page that can update and post information regarding the events and activities of SMFS so that the people of Sta. Maria will be updated. And also will take less effort, time, and money in creating and posting announcements on the bulletin board. To be able to create a page that will enable the user to send their comments and suggestions to the fire station This will help the fire station in communicating with the residents of Sta. Maria. And also this will help the residents of Sta. Maria to deliver their personal concerns and in getting reliable information when they needed. Maria Fire Station. The proposed system aims to help the SMFS in sharing, communicating, spreading information that will attract the interest of all the possible users. It helps to view important information and awareness about fire incidents from the fire station. PhpMyAdmin or SQL Server The proponent will use PhpMyAdmin or SQL Server as database that will hold and store all information needed in the system. The proponents will store different incidents of Sta. Maria. They will also store all opinions and suggestions that the user post and other information to maintain the content of the server (Back-End) of the system. Adobe Dreamweaver The system will use Adobe Dreamweaver which is the industry-leading web authoring and editing software that provides both visual and code-level capabilities for creating standard-based websites. In graphics editing and designing the proponents will use Adobe Photoshop. PHP scripting language The proponents will use PHP scripting language. It is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. It is among one of the most developed server-side scripting languages that is embedded into HTML source document, rather than calling an external file to process data. Ultimately, the code is interpreted by a web server with a PHP server module which generates the resulting web page. It evolved to include a command-line interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical application. Adobe Photoshop The developers also decided to use Adobe Photoshop to design the interface of the front end and back end, including the background and buttons. Front End –the online part of the system that the visitors can see. This is also the user interface and contains all the information needed. The proponents used Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Dream Weaver, and PHP to enhance the front end of the system containing the Log-in, Home, Media, News and Events, Community, Contact Us, and About Us. Log-in (officers and administrator) –the part of the system that handles the authentication of the officers and administrator. The officers and administrator should enter the username and password to access the Back End of the website. Home –this is the main page of the created system wherein you can see latest safety and prevention tips, video tutorial, most updated news and events such as incidents. The homepage is dynamic so that the administrator of the page can possibly add, update or delete postings. Media – this page contains Video tutorials for fire safety tips, photos of Oplan Iwas Paputok incidents and seminars conducted in different structures such as Barangay ugnayan, schools and hospitals. News and Events – this page contains news and events regarding the fire station so that the residents of Sta. Maria will always be updated from the most recent to the most featured news and events. .Community – this page shows some information about the fire station and Sta. Maria, Bulacan. Contact Us – system page where contact details and location of Sta. Maria Fire Station can be seen. About Us – this page provides important information of Sta. Maria Fire Station. This includes the mission, vision, and the fire station’s officials. Back End – The back-end can only be seen by the admin. Only the admin can access the back-end. Part of the system which the admin can alter, modify and update the current system. File Maintenance- this will enable the system admin of Sta. Maria Fire Station to update all the desired data and information in the system. Log-In Maintenance – part of the system that allows the administrator of the page to navigate the whole system. Home Maintenance – this will enable the admin to update the latest news, updates and daily prevention tip in the system’s main page. Media Maintenance – back-end page of the system where the admin can add and update video tutorials and photos such as incidents and seminars conducted in different structures such as Barangay ugnayan, schools and hospitals. News and Events Maintenance – part of the system that the admin updates the most recent news and events. Contact Us Maintenance – back-end page of the system that the admin can update the contact details of Sta. Maria Fire Station. About Us Maintenance – this page will enable the admin to update the officials of the fire station. Limitation: The proponent will develop an Online Information System exclusively for Sta. Maria Fire Station. The system excludes the sending of online emergency calls/message. In addition, past records of incidents and other confidential files are not included in the system. The scarcity of firemen and fire fighting equipments will not be covered by the system. The further information regarding the inspection of business permit held by the system’s beneficiary will not be covered. The system can only be use by the administrator of SMFS. The created system will not be responsible by the proponents if the system was being hacked and manipulated by unauthorized person. Sample thesis free essay sample Introduction Developing games on Android has its pros and cons. First, Android games are developed in Java, but Android is not a complete Java implementation. Many of the packages used for OpenGL and other graphic embellishments are included in the Android software development kit (SDK). Many does not mean all though, and some very helpful packages for game developers, especially 3-D game developers, are not included. Not every package that may have relied on to build past games will be available in Android. [JFDM 2011] The proposed game is entitled: School Rush is a type of running platform game with Pilipino culture style of interface. The feature of School Rush is play thru level by level, gaining power-ups and answering different kind of questions. The power-ups of the game are based on Pilipino heroes’ powers. It can be gain through the levels of the game. The game play of School Rush is to pass all levels of the game thru the obstacles of every level. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample thesis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Each level has cases that to earn a specific power on passing the level is to answer a particular question. Pass all levels and earning points to get the highest possible score. 1. 1 Background of the Study The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the release of the Android beta in November 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1. 0, was released in September 2008. Android is under ongoing development by Google and the Open Handset Alliance (OHA), and has seen a number of updates to its base operating system since its original release. Since April 2009, Android versions have been developed under a codename and released in alphabetical order: Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwich, and Jelly Bean. As of 2013, over 900 million active devices use the Android OS worldwide. The most recent major Android update was Jelly Bean 4. 3, which was released on commercial devices on 24 July 2013. [JROB 2013] The game play of the proponent game is like an exceptional free runner with the concept of a Pilipino culture style interface. There are power-ups, items and upgrades to help the user to get through the obstacles and levels of the game. Each time the user acquire power ups they will be required to answer different set of questions, in order to gain access of that particular power-up. The user needs to collect different set of Philippine coins to help them along the game. The score of the game is based on the stars that will be highlighted from each level with their corresponding high score. In modern generations of Android application games, there are different kind of games are being developed. The samples of these games are Zombie Tsunami, Temple Run, Subway Surf, Vector, City Rush and so much more. These games have different kinds of game play, story, graphics and theme. But these games are all running platform games with only different kinds of concepts. 1. 2 Statement of the Problem 1. What is the profile of the respondent in terms of: a. Preferred type of Android Game, b. Preferred Android Phone, c. Gaming Experience, d. Android Phone Literate 2. What will be the user expectation from game in terms of: a. Game Quality, b. Game Play, and c. Game Level? 3. Establishing the game graphics in terms of: a. Environment Design b. 3D animation c. Visual Effects 4. How will the game affect the target user in terms of: a. Game Uniqueness b. Game Mechanics c. Visualization 1. 3 System Objectives General Objectives The general objective of this study is to design and develop an android application game that will entertain, educate and test the mental capabilities of the user. Specific Objectives 1. Design an android application game using Unity3D version 4. 2. Develop an android application game 3D animation. 3. Enhance the user critical thinking of answering the questions. 4. To produce a game that will encourage our fellow students who are into programming, game developing and graphic designs. 5. To create a running platform game that is based on Pilipino Concepts and Pilipino Culture and Beliefs. 6. To make the game mechanics and story reliable and easy to understand. 1. 4 Significance of the Study Proponents – This study can enhance our skills to development a game which by using imaginations, creativity and to acquire knowledge throughout the developing process. Player – This is to encourage the player of our generation to try new games that is developed by indi-game developers. Programmer – It can enhance the person’s capability when it comes to multimedia and developing a game. Company – They can use our game to promote Pilipino style of culture thru the story and graphics of the game. Gamer – This is to encourage the modern generations of gamers to support Pilipino style of game interface and gameplay that can help the industry grow. Users – This is to encourage both young and adult generations to support Philippine literature type of gameplay and interface. Future Researchers – They can use our game as a guide to create a mobile application game in Android. 1. 5 Scope Limitation Scope Intense and exciting gameplay a. Running Platform gameplay b. Thrilling Adventure c. Strategic Gameplay d. Mind enhancing gameplay Semi-Realistic Graphics a. Real-world adaptations of selected Landmarks of the Philippines b. Landscapes c. Characters Limitation 1. The game can only be downloaded in mobile application sites. 2. The game can only be play by one player. 3. The game can only run on mobile phones with android application. 1. 6 Definition of Terms School Rush refers to a running platform game that features Pilipino style culture interface. Android refers to the operating system used to create a running platform game. Storyline refers to the content and outcome of every scene in the game. Environment Design refers to the interface of the game which is about Philippine literature. 3D Animation refers to the movements of the characters and effects of the game in 3D graphics. Visual Effects refers to the graphics of the power ups and effects of the game. Unity3D version 4 refers to the design and game development of the running platform game. Running Platform refers to the type of game play and actions of the game. Unity 4 it refers to the several updates with additional features over the course of its lifespan, such as the new Retained GUI, which is due in a future 4. x update. Levels refer to the stages of the game that is needed to be accomplishing in order to move on to the next level. Game Mechanics refers to the instructions of how to play the game. Unified Modeling Language (UML) refers to this implement all the object operation, message they sent to each other condition and behavior. Sequence Diagram refers to shows the operations that were or will be operated between the elements of the game based on their time sequence. Cell Diagram refers to shows major game play elements. Firmware refers to some way the game might store data in the ROM where the firmware is situated. This is due to the application way require instructions and data fragments from the ROM. CHAPTER 2 PROJECT FRAMEWORK 2. 1 Theoretical Framework After identifying the specific objectives, the proponents provide the following assumptions. The assumptions of the study state as follows: 1. Designed a application, runner platform game, that is unlike any other runner platform game created. 2. This application will be adapted by all ages. 3. This application will be used as informative game. 4. This application will be a source of information to the users. 5. This application will be an entertainment one. 2. 2 Conceptual Framework In this area of study it shows the conceptual framework of the proposed system based on the researchers study. The School Rush is a three-dimensional(3D) game for android that is a pleasing and much exciting than the other Android Games. Figure 1: Game Development Architecture(Conceptual Framework) 2. 3 Project Paradigm IPO (Input-Process-Output) Input process output an information processing cycle that determines how the information is processed and handled with in a system. Figure 2: Shows the IPO(Input-Process-Output) of the School Rush 1. Play 1. 1 New Game Input Process Output Figure 2: IPO (Input-Process-Output) of the New Game Module for School Rush 1. 2 Continue Game Input Process Output Figure 3: IPO (Input-Process-Output) of the Continue Game Module for School Rush 2. Option Input Process Output Figure 4: IPO (Input-Process-Output) of the Option Module for School Rush 3. Help InputProcess Output Figure 5: IPO (Input-Process-Output) of the Help Module for School Rush 4. About Input ProcessOutput Figure 6: IPO (Input-Process-Output) of the About Module for School Rush 5. Exit InputProcessOutput Figure 7: IPO (Input-Process-Output) of the Exit Module for School Rush 2. 4 Review of Related Literature The study which the sources are taken from books, journals, magazines, novels, poetry, and others. is in a chronological order from recent to past when presented. It is composed of discussion and facts and principle to which the present study is related. 2. 4. 1 Local Studies and Literature Base on the blog www. gdap. org. ph, Game development outsourcing has grown abin leaps and bounds over the years, fueled by the acceleration in global game production as well as by an ever-increasing need for companies to scale and stay competitive. Eastern Europe, India, Korea, and China are leading the way; however, countries like the Philippines seem to be slowly catching up. Entire game development processes, including art production, programming, and testing, are now being outsourced to local game studios by top publishers such as EA, Activision, Sony, THQ, and many more. In addition, more and more IPs (intellectual properties) are now being deployed by local studios and indie developers. According in the above statement, the Philippines has slow catch ups in global game production in a several years. And because of that Philippines are now being outsourced to local game studios by top publishers in the world. As stated in www. investphilippines. gov. ph/downloads/sector/Game Development, Game Development is alternately called Interactive Entertainment or Digital Entertainment in other countries. It is basically â€Å"Software Development for Entertainment†. The industry involves the production of original computer games for entertainment purposes, or services such as software programming, 2D and 3D artwork, creation of interactive simulations of real-life situations, and interactive learning materials. Game development also includes the rapidly growing and hugely popular online gaming or massively multiplayer online games(MMOG). The proponents proposed system entitled School Rush, is a 3D game, that not just like an ordinary game for entertainment but also have a educational purpose. School Rush came from the ideas combined by the brainstorming of the proponents, and by the use of Multimedia, game interfaces can be more so exciting while developing it. 2. 4. 2 Foreign Literature According to Zechner Green. (2011). â€Å"Beginning Android 4 Game Development†. page1. State that: This game development renewed our interest, and we started investigating which mobile platforms would be suitable for our development needs. Apples iOS seemed like a good candidate for our game coding skills. However, we quickly realized that the system was not open, that we’d be able to share our work with others only if Apple allowed it, and we’d need a Mac in order to develop for the iOS. And then we found Android. In relation to the study, games is implemented because of the development needs, so in this generation Android and iOS have been more interesting for game development. Creating an Android Game is not easy to do, but because of the use of Modern Technologies and softwares, proponents decided to come up with this kind of system to enhance their skills in programming and to adapt new things like this game development. As stated in a book of Zechner Green(2011). â€Å"Beginning Android 4 Games Development†. Android features have: An application framework that provides a rich set of APIs for creating various types of applications. It also allows the reuse and replacement of components provided by the platform and third-party applications. The Dalvik virtual machine, which is responsible for running applications on Android. A set of graphics libraries for 2D and 3D programming Media support for common audio, video, and image formats, such as Ogg Vorbis, MP3, MPEG-4, and PNG. There’s even a specialized API for playing back sound effects, which will come in handy in your game development adventures. APIs for accessing peripherals such as the camera, Global Positioning System (GPS), compass, accelerometer, touchscreen, trackball, keyboard, controller, and joystick. Note that not all Android devices have all these peripherals—hardware fragmentation in action. According in the statement above, Android possesses features with a high-level view. These are the features that game should have. Chapter 3. 0 Methodology Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study, or the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge. It, typically, encompasses concepts such as paradigm, theoretical model, phases and quantitive or qualitive techniques. 3. 1 Project Design 3. 1. 1The Game 3. 1. 1. 1Game Menu Chart Figure 8: Game HIPO This figure shows the Game HIPO. 3. 1. 1. 2 Game Architecture Figure 9: Game Architecture This figure shows the Game Architecture. Based from Grady Brooch, James Rumbaugh and Ivar Jacobson UML also Called (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard way to show how things will work and the implementations of the objects in your game this includes their operations, the messages they sent to each other and their behaviors in certain conditions. User: The player will create a new user name to be able to play the game. Having a user name will record the total score and the total ranking. Game Logic: The player will swipe up to jump over into an obstacle and swipe down to dock over into an obstacle. Swiping left and right to dodge into a obstacle. Every Power ups can contain questions with time limit that needs to be answered to be able to use. Special item can be bought in the store using the coins collected from the game. Audio: The audio of the game is being played from the menu and to the actual start of the game. The audio can be muted if desired. Graphics: The graphics used in the game is 3D graphics. The 3D graphics is an HD version. Win: The game is finished on time. A player must beat every level to be able to play the next level. Next Level: Every level has its own difficulties. The difficulty increases as the level goes up. Game Over: The player did not finish on time or died in the middle of the game. It same as in the endless run mode of the game but only when died. 3. 1. 1. 3 Game Procedures Figure 10: Game Procedures This figure shows the Game Procedures. 3. 1. 1. 4 Game Development Process Figure 11: Game Development Process This figure shows the Game Development Process. 3. 1. 1. 5 Game Development Analysis School Rush is a runner platform 3D game that will be created and developed by Overnight in the Crib. School Rush is a Filipino game where in the main character has the dream to be an Explorer but he must first finish his studies in Grade School in Mindanao, High School in Visayas and College in Luzon in order to make his dream come true. The game is set to a modernize-period wherein the famous places and landmarks of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao will be showcased. The name of the character is â€Å"Jose† a boy who’s an eager student when it comes to his studies. Equipped with a school uniform which can be upgraded, coins that can be picked up that serve as his Baon and Power-Ups that has Q A Function that needs to be answered in order for him benefit of the power-up he obtain along the run. 3. 1. 1. 6 Game Hardware Requirements Minimum system requirements for School Rush The specification listed is the lowest with which the game will work. Running the game on an android phone with any component that does not meet this specification may prevent the game from working. Processor: 600MHz or better Ram: 256mb or higher 3-axis accelerometer Android 2. 2 or higher Pixel screen: 480X800 Recommended: Processor: 1+GHz Ram: 1 GB 3-axis accelerometer Android 4. 0 or higher Pixel Screen: 480X800 or higher Figure 12: Program Flow Chart This figure shows the program flow chart. Figure 13: Data Flow Diagram This figure shows the Data Flow Diagram. Figure 14: Cell Diagram (Region) This figure shows the cell diagram of the region. Figure 15: Cell Diagram (Level) This figure shows the cell diagram of the level. Figure 16: Cell Diagram (Power-Up) This figure shows the cell diagram of the power-up. Figure 17: Cell Diagram (Syntax) This figure shows the cell diagram of the syntax. Figure 18: Game Architecture (Exploded) This figure shows the game architecture exploded

4 Amazing Recommendation Letter Samples for Students

4 Amazing Recommendation Letter Samples for Students SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips How important are recommendation letters in a college application? According to William Fitzsimmons, dean of admissions and financial aid at Harvard, they are "extremely important." If you're a student, examples of great letters of recommendation can help you understand how to get strong letters yourself from your teachers. If you're a teacher, the examples in this guide will inspire you to support your students strongly as they apply to college. Keep reading for four excellent letters from teachers that will get anyone into college, along with expert analysis on why they're so strong. Important Note: Are you looking for job recommendation letters? If so, check out my great post here! Want to provide a strong recommendation for your employee, but don't have the time to craft the perfect letter? PrepScholar's new recommendation tool, SimpleRec, takes you from good intentions and a blank page to a fully written and formatted letter of recommendation in under 5 minutes. All you need to do is give us some simple pieces of information about your employee and your experience working with them, and we'll do the rest. Try out SimpleRec risk-free today: First, let's understand the role of recommendation letters in your application. Why are Recommendation Letters Important? The majority of admissions officers at four-year colleges, especially private schools, emphasize that their process is holistic. They seek to gain a sense of the student as a "whole person," rather than focusing on pieces of who she is based solely on grades and test scores. Since they rarely meet the student in person, the recommendation letters, along with the student's own personal essay, play a huge role in illuminating her intellectual and personal qualities. That's why recommendation letters from teachers, especially those who know their students well, carry a great deal of weight in applications. A letter that expresses a strong vote of support, as well as highlights a student's impressive academic and personal strengths, can have a powerful effect on that student's chances of admission. Let's look at some samples of strong recommendation letters, one from an English teacher, another from a physics teacher, the third from a history teacher, and the final one from a math teacher. Then we'll break down exactly why these letters of recommendation are effective. The first example recommends Sara, a senior who loves to write and read poetry. Sample Letter #1: Sara the Poet Dear Admissions Committee, I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to be articulate about difficult concepts and texts, her sensitivity to the nuances within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression- both in and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest recommendation as a student and writer. Sara is talented at considering the subleties within literature and the purpose behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical perspectives to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearly and eloquently about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is dedicated to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in our school's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to explore art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition. Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara opted to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as motivated by a desire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara demonstrated this openness to and empathy for the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with shrewd powers of observation, all qualities that makes her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer. I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, intuitive, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out constructive feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-out individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions at callmeclemens@gmail.com. Sincerely, Ms. ScribeEnglish TeacherMark Twain High School This is a thorough, glowing recommendation for a student that Ms. Scribe clearly knows well. What other features make it stand out as a strong letter of rec? The Breakdown Ms. Scribe has a high opinion of Sara and her skills at writing and literary analysis. One way that she expresses this is by using powerful and specific language. She doesn't merely say Sara is a good writer. She says she's articulate about difficult concepts and sensitive to the nuances within literature. She calls her insightful and self-aware with shrewd powers of observation. These descriptors don't happen by accident. Ms. Scribe took the time to choose her words carefully, and that effort paid off with a strong letter that captures Sara's special qualities. Ms. Scribe also supports her characterization of Sara with examples. She describes her thesis paper and how she responded to questions thoughtfully under the pressured situation of her thesis defense. She gives the example of the debate on gun laws to illustrate Sara's openness to many different points of view. In addition to illuminating her intellectual and personal strengths and supporting them with specific examples, Ms. Scribe speaks to Sara's goals for the future. She points out that she is talented at writing, poetry specifically, and that she is committed to continuing to improve as a writer in her future. This letter, by virtue of its wording, length, and specificity, shows that Ms. Scribe took the time and effort to recommend Sara thoughtfully and with conviction. The fact that she knows Sara well and is committed to helping her application succeed with a thoughtful letter further adds weight to her assessment. This letter would be a boon to Sara's application, especially if she's applying to study writing or English. She clearly impressed her English teacher and, in return, got a memorable, complimentary letter of recommendation for her college application. This next example is similarly enthusiastic and detailed. It's for a student applying to an engineering program. Want to build the best possible college application, with the strongest recommendations? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Sample Letter #2:Stacy the Engineer Dear Admissions Committee, It is a great pleasure to recommend Stacy for admission to your engineering program. She is one of the most exceptional students I have encountered in my 15 years of teaching. I taught Stacy in my th grade honors physics class and advised her in Robotics Club. I am not surprised to find out she is now ranked at the top of an extraordinarily capable class of seniors. She has a keen interest in and talent for physics, math, and scientific inquiry. Her advanced skills and passion for the subject make her an ideal fit for your rigorous engineering program. Stacy is a perceptive, sharp, quick individual with a high aptitude for math and science. She is driven to understand how things work, whether they be the old computer hard drives in the school library or the forces that hold our universe together. Her final project in class was especially impressive, an investigation of frequency-dependent sound absorption, an idea that she said was sparked by not wanting to bother her parents with her hours of guitar practice at home. She's been a strong leader in Robotics Club, eager to share her knowledge with others and learn new skills. I have the students in the club prepare lessons and take turns leading our after-school meetings. When it was Stacy's turn, she showed up prepared with a fascinating lecture on lunar nautics and fun activities that got everyone moving and talking. She was our only student teacher to be met with much deserved applause at the end of her lesson. Stacy's personal strengths are as impressive as her intellectual accomplishments. She's an active, outgoing presence in class with a great sense of humor. Stacy's the perfect person to get a group project rolling, but she also knows how to sit back and let others take the lead. Her cheerful nature and openness to feedback means she's always learning and growing as a learner, an impressive strength that will continue to serve her well in college and beyond. Stacy is just the kind of driven, engaging, and curious student that helped make our classroom a lively environment and safe place to take intellectual risks. Stacy has my highest recommendation for admission to your engineering program. She has demonstrated excellence in all that she puts her mind to, whether it's designing an experiment, collaborating with others, or teaching herself to play classical and electrical guitar. Stacy's endless curiosity, combined with her willingness to take risks, leads me to believe there will be no limit to her growth and achievements in college and beyond. Please don't hesitate to contact me at milevamaricfanclub@gmail.comif you have any questions. Sincerely, Ms. RandallPhysics TeacherMarie Curie High School Ms. Randall is clearly as much of a fan of Stacy as she is of Mileva Marić. How does she communicate her recommendation? The Breakdown Ms. Randall plugs for Stacy right off the bat with a statement of outstanding ranking: Stacy isone of the most exceptional students she's had in 15 years of teaching. A statement like this is pretty extraordinary and will make an impact in the mind of its readers. Stacy sounds like a special student, and she chose her recommender well. Like in the last example, this letter uses strong, specific language, calling Stacy a perceptive and sharp person who has the confidence and good humor to take intellectual risks. Through its accurate and expressive language, this letter helps Stacy come to life in the mind of the reader. Beyond the evaluation, Ms. Randall gives specific examples of Stacy's academic and personal strengths. She talks about her successful teaching in Robotics Club, her leadership in group projects, and her dedicated practice to teaching herself to play the guitar. Rather than spreading the letter too thin, Ms. Randall highlights a few core themes. She connects Stacy's love of music with her passion for physics by talking about the frequency-dependent sound absorption project. All the threads tie together in a nice, memorable bow. This letter is a strong vote of support for Stacy's application to an engineering program. Her physics teacher admires Stacy's skills and goals, and she made it clear that Stacy had her highest recommendation in this letter. This next example also comes from a teacher who's extremely impressed with his student. It focuses on the student's performance in class and his volunteer work outside the classroom. Sample Letter #3:William the History Buff and Social Organizer Dear Admissions Committee, It is hard to overstate the meaningful contributions that William has made to our school and surrounding community. As both his 10th and th grade History teacher, I've had the pleasure of seeing William make profound contributions both in and out of the classroom. His school and community service is motivated by a strong sense of social justice, which he informs through a nuanced and sophisticated understanding of historical trends and events. I can say with confidence that William is one of the most caring and driven students I've ever taught in my fifteen years at the school. As a child of immigrant parents, William is especially drawn to understand the immigrant experience. He produced an extraordinary semester-long research paper on the treatment of Japanese-Americans in the U.S. during WWII, in which he went beyond all expectations to conduct Skype interviews with relatives of his featured subjects to incorporate into his paper. William has a great capacity to draw connections between past and present and to ground his understanding of current issues in the context of historical events. He never retreats to a simple answer or explanation, but is comfortable dealing with ambiguity. William's fascination with U.S. and World History and skill for deep analysis have him an exemplary scholar, as a well as a motivated activist driven to promote civil rights and work towards social equity. In sophomore year, William noticed that the college planning seminars students attended included little information for first generation or immigrant students. Always thinking about how institutions can better serve people, William spoke with counselors and ESL teachers about his ideas to better support all students. He helped collect resources and design a college planning curriculum for immigrant and undocumented students to enhance their college access. He further helped organize a group that connected ESL students with native English speakers, stating his mission to be helping ELLs improve their English and increasing multicultural awareness and social cohesion at the school as a whole. William identified a need and worked with students and faculty alike to meet it in an extremely effective and beneficial way. Ever the history scholar, he did plenty of research to back up his ideas. William believes passionately in social progress and working for the common good. His own personal experiences, along with his profound grasp on social history, drive his advocacy work. He is a talented, intelligent student with the charisma, confidence, strong values, and respect for others to make a huge difference in the world around him. I'm looking forward to seeing all the good that William continues to do for his fellow humanity in college and beyond, as well as the excellent work that he will produce at the college level. William has my highest recommendation. If you have any questions, please contact me at thethingstheycarried@gmail.com. Sincerely, Mr. JacksonHistory TeacherMartin Luther King, Jr. High School Mr. Jackson's letter makes William sound like a pretty amazing student and person. How does he go about expressing his admiration for William in this rec letter? The Breakdown Like Ms. Randall did in her letter, Mr. Jackson provides a statement of outstanding ranking for William, calling him one of the most caring and driven students he's ever taught. Considering his long teaching career of 15 years, this says a lot about William as a student and a person. Also like in the last example, Mr. Jackson focuses on a few core aspects of William's character. He talks about his love of history and how it informs his social activism. He comments on his exceptional historical scholarship, as well as his personal qualities of caring for those around him and working for the social good. Mr. Jackson also gives insight into William's personal life, explaining how he has a personal connection to his projects and volunteer work as the child of immigrant parents. This letter reveals that William is a thoughtful, motivated individual who connects his own experiences with his learning and desire to contribute to his community. The letter also showcases William's exceptional accomplishments by giving specific examples of William's research paper and his work supporting the academic and personal needs of ELL students. Mr. Jackson expresses his enthusiastic recommendation while illuminating William's love of learning and strength of character. This letter would be both impressive and memorable to admissions officers considering William for admission to their school. This next example comes from a math teacher. Let's see what Mr. Wiles has to say about Joe. Sample Letter #4:Joe the Hard Worker Dear Admissions Committee, It is my pleasure to recommend Joe, who I taught in my th grade math class. Joe demonstrated tremendous effort and growth throughout the year and brought a great energy to class. He has that combination of a positive attitude and the belief that he can always improve that's rare in a high school student, but so essential to the learning process. I am confident that he will continue to display the same commitment and diligence in everything he does. I highly recommend Joe for admission to your school. Joe would not describe himself as a math person. He's told me on several occasions that all the numbers and variables make his mind go fuzzy. Joe did, in fact, struggle to comprehend the material at the beginning of the year, but his response to this is what really struck me. Where so many others have given up, Joe took on this class as a welcome challenge. He stayed after school for extra help, got extra tutoring at the nearby college, and asked questions in and out of class.Due to all his hard work, Joe not only raised his grades, but he also inspired some of his classmates to stay after for extra help, as well. Joe truly demonstrated a growth mindset, and he inspired his peers to adopt that valuable perspective, too. Joe helped contribute to our classroom environment as one where all students can feel supported and able to ask questions. Joe's strong belief in his ability to acquire new skills and improve through practice was likely shaped by his years as a baseball player. He's played all through high school and is one of the team's most valuable players. In his final for our class, Joe designed an impressive project calculating and analyzing batting averages. While he initially described himself as not a math person, Joe reaped the benefits of his tremendous effort and found a way to make the subject come alive for him in a way that he was personally invested in. As a teacher, it is incredibly fulfilling to witness a student make this kind of academic and personal progress. Joe is a trustworthy, reliable, good-humored student and friend who supports others in and out of the classroom. He was a pleasure to have in class, and his positive attitude and belief in himself, even in the face of difficulty, is an immensely admirable asset. I'm confident that he will continue to demonstrate the same diligence, perseverance, and optimism that he showed myself and his peers. I highly recommend Joe for admission to your undergraduate program. Please feel free to contact me with any further questions at fortheloveofalgebra@gmail.com. Sincerely, Mr. WilesMath TeacherEuclid High School While the students featured in the first three examples were top of their class or demonstrated leadership in the school, Joe isn't a top achiever in the traditional sense. However, this recommendation is still a strong one, even if it says he struggled in the teacher's class. What does Mr. Wiles focus on to recommend Joe? The Breakdown Mr. Wiles writes a strong letter for Joe, with the same kind of enthusiasm and specific examples as the other three letters. Even though Joe may not have gotten the strongest grades in his math class, he found an enthusiastic recommender in his math teacher. Mr. Wiles was extremely impressed with Joe's attitude, effort, and growth mindset, which he demonstrated throughout the year and inspired in his fellow classmates. Mr. Wiles focuses on Joe's substantial personal strengths, ones that would likely be impressive to his future educators. Even in a subject that may not come naturally to him, Joe is diligent and committed. He's not self-conscious about asking questions or seeking extra help, and he retains a strong belief in himself that he can continuously learn, improve, and acquire new skills. This letter, like the others, is effective because it is focused, supportive, and backed up with examples.As you can tell from these examples, recommendations can communicate a great deal about a student. Because of this, they can have a powerful impact on a student's chances of admission. So what can teachers and students do to make sure they are sending a strong recommendation letter that will help their chances? Enthusiasm is key. How to Get a Strong Recommendation Letter While these letters are about different students with different interests, they share certain fundamental features. One, they sound excited and enthusiastic. The teachers clearly communicate that they are impressed by these students and eager to help them get into college. At the same time, the letters don't go overboard because they have examples to back up their assessments. Specific examples and stories are key for backing up the assessment. Plus, they make a letter more interesting and memorable. Rather than just another engineering applicant, Stacy is the student who researched sound-absorption to spare her parents from hours of guitar scales. Finally, the teachers all discuss their students' personal strengths, along with their academic strengths. They present the holistic view that admissions officers are looking for, along with their strong vote of confidence in the students' future success. Teachers should incorporate all these features into their letters, and students should help provide them with the raw material to write about. While students should choose a teacher who knows them well and has stories and observations to share, they should also give their teachers a detailed "brag sheet" and let them know what would go into their ideal letter. That way it can be even more personalized and complement the story the student is telling in the rest of her application. While recommenders may or may not share their letters with students, there should still be open, two-way communication when the student makes her request. That way students and teachers can work together to produce an insightful, enthusiastic, and specific letter of recommendation to send to colleges. Want to build the best possible college application, with the strongest recommendations? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. What's Next? Are you a teacher writing recommendations for your students? Read all about how to write an outstanding recommendation letter for your students, along with what not to include. Are you or a student you work with applying to a selective school, like Harvard? Learn about what kind of letter she should get for the Ivy League. Now that you've read these examples of strong teacher recommendation letters, check out these examples of bad ones. Warning: rec letters may appear better than they actually are. 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Battle of Contreras - Mexican-American War - Battle of Padierna - Winfield Scott

Battle of Contreras - Mexican-American War - Battle of Padierna - Winfield Scott Battle of Contreras - Conflict Dates: The Battle of Contreras was fought August 19-20, 1847, during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Armies Commanders United States Major General Winfield ScottMajor General William Worth8,500 men Mexico General Antonio Lopez de Santa AnnaGeneral Gabriel Valencia5,000 men Battle of Contreras - Background: Though Major General Zachary Taylor had triumphed in a series of victories at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Monterrey, President James K. Polk decided to shift the focus of the American war effort from northern Mexico to a campaign against Mexico City. Though this was largely due to Polks concerns about Taylors political ambitions, it was also supported by intelligence reports that an advance against Mexico City from the north would be exceptionally difficult. As a result, a new army was formed under Major General Winfield Scott and instructed to capture the key port city of Veracruz. Coming ashore on March 9, 1847, Scotts command moved against the city and captured it after a twenty-day siege. Constructing a major base at Veracruz, Scott began making plans to advance inland before yellow fever season arrived. Moving inland, Scott routed the Mexicans, led by General Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna, at Cerro Gordo the following month. Pressing on, Scott captured Puebla where he paused to rest and reorganize through June and July. Resuming the campaign in early August, Scott elected to approach Mexico City from the south rather than force the enemy defenses at El Peà ±Ãƒ ³n. Rounding Lakes Chalco and Xochimilco his men arrived at San Augustin on August 18. Having anticipated an American advance from the east, Santa Anna began redeploying his army to the south and assumed a line along the Churubusco River (Map). Battle of Contreras - Scouting the Area: To defend this new position, Santa Anna placed troops under General Francisco Perez at Coyoacan with forces led by General Nicholas Bravo to the east at Churubusco. On the west end of the Mexican line was General Gabriel Valencias Army of the North at San Angel. Having established his new position, Santa Anna was separated from Scott by a vast lava field known as the Pedregal. On August 18 Scott ordered Major General William J. Worth to take his division along the direct road to Mexico City. Moving along the east edge of the Pedregal, this force came under heavy fire at San Antonio, just south of Churubusco. Unable to flank the Mexicans due to the Pedregal to the west and water to the east, Worth elected to halt. As Scott pondered his next move, Valencia, a political rival of Santa Annas, elected to abandon San Angel and moved five miles south to a hill near the villages of Contreras and Padierna. Santa Annas orders for him to return to San Angel were refused and Valencia argued he was in a better position to defend or attack depending on the enemys course of action. Unwilling to mount a costly frontal assault on San Antonio, Scott began contemplating moving up the west side of the Pedregal. To scout the route, he dispatched Robert E. Lee, recently brevetted to major for his actions at Cerro Gordo, along with an infantry regiment and some dragoons west. Pressing into the Pedregal, Lee reached Mount Zacatepec where his men dispersed a group of Mexican guerrillas. Battle of Contreras - Americans on the Move: From the mountain, Lee was confident that the Pedregal could be crossed. Relating this to Scott, he convinced his commander to change the armys line of advance. The next morning, troops from Major General David Twiggs and Major General Gideon Pillows divisions moved out and began constructing a path along the route traced by Lee. In doing so, they were unaware of Valencias presence at Contreras. By early afternoon, they had reached a point past the mountain to where they could see Contreras, Padierna, and San Geronimo. Moving down the forward slope of the mountain, Twiggs men came under fire from Valencias artillery. Countering this, Twiggs advanced his own guns and returned fire. Taking overall command, Pillow directed Colonel Bennett Riley to take his brigade to the north and west. After crossing a small river they were to take San Geronimo and cut off the enemys line of retreat. Moving over rough terrain, Riley found no opposition and occupied the village. Valencia, engaged in the artillery duel, failed to see the American column. Concerned that Riley was isolated, Pillow later directed Brigadier General George Cadwaladers brigade and Colonel George Morgans 15th Infantry to join him. As the afternoon progressed, Riley scouted the rear of Valencias position. During this time, they also detected a large Mexican force moving south from San Angel. This was Santa Anna leading reinforcements forward. Seeing the plight of his comrades across the stream, Brigadier General Persifor Smith, whose brigade was supporting the guns that were firing on Valencia, began to fear for the safety of the American forces. Unwilling to directly assault Valencias position, Smith moved his men into the Pedregal and followed the route used earlier. Joining with the 15th Infantry shortly before sunset, Smith began planning an attack on the Mexican rear. This was ultimately called off du e to darkness. Battle of Contreras - A Quick Victory: To the north, Santa Anna, faced with a difficult road and a setting sun, elected to withdraw back to San Angel. This removed the threat to the Americans around San Geronimo. Consolidating the American forces, Smith spent the evening designing a dawn attack intended to strike the enemy from three sides. Desiring permission from Scott, Smith accepted Lees offer to cross the Pedregal in the darkness to take a message to their commander. Upon meeting Lee, Scott was pleased with the situation and directed him to find troops to support Smiths effort. Locating Brigadier General Franklin Pierces brigade (temporarily led by Colonel T.B. Ransom), it was ordered to demonstrate in front of Valencias lines at dawn. During the night, Smith ordered his men as well as Rileys and Cadwaladers to form for battle. Morgan was directed to cover the road north to San Angel while Brigadier General James Shields recently arrived brigade was to hold San Geronimo. In the Mexican camp, Valencias men were cold and tired having endured a long night. They were also increasingly concerned about the whereabouts of Santa Anna. At daybreak, Smith ordered the Americans to attack. Storming forward, they routed Valencias command in a fight that lasted only seventeen minutes. Many of the Mexicans attempted to flee north but were intercepted by Shields men. Rather than come to their assistance, Santa Anna continued falling back towards Churubusco. Battle of Contreras - Aftermath: The fighting at the Battle of Contreras cost Scott around 300 killed and wounded while Mexican losses numbered approximately 700 killed, 1,224 wounded, and 843 captured. Recognizing that the victory had unhinged the Mexican defenses in the area, Scott issued a flurry of orders following Valencias defeat. Among these were orders which countermanded earlier directives for Worths and Major General John Quitmans divisions to move west. Instead, these were ordered north towards San Antonio. Sending troops west into the Pedregal, Worth quickly outflanked the Mexican position and sent them reeling north. As the day progressed, American forces drove forward on both sides of the Pedregal in pursuit of the enemy. They would catch up with Santa Anna around noon at the Battle of Churubusco. Selected Source PBS: Battle of ContrerasBattle of Contreras: Official Report Battle of Contreras - Map

Program project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Program project - Essay Example Background This project undertakes to offer a business plan for an entrepreneurial venture in the household furniture industry. The business plan will be completed in sections and this project presents the first section of the business plan. The proposed project, for which this business plan is written, is an entrepreneurial venture in the country’s household furniture industry that offers a viable business opportunity in both the United Kingdom’s domestic market and in major international markets. The enterprise will first be established in the United Kingdom’s capital city, and its independent branches established in other parts of the United Kingdom and other countries. In the United Kingdom, the industry projects positive prospects with expanding market capacity. The domestic market has grown over the past decade except in 2008 and 2009 when major world economies suffered from recession. The trend in growth, however, resumed in 2011 and 2012 and this identifi es confidence in availability of market for the proposed product. The industry’s scope is also wide with different types of commodities, types of houses and types of rooms, for offer. Types of rooms that offer the greatest demand for furniture are living room, dining room, bedroom, and kitchen, all of which have depicted increasing market potentials (Keynotes, 2013, p. 1). The market also identifies a good opportunity for an innovative approach because consumers are developing a trend of renovating their furniture as opposed to new purchases. While this may appear as a barrier to success in the market, consumers have retained their desire to communicate their social status through their property, and this means that an outstanding innovation that portrays high social standards will attract high demand for services. Highly perceived utility levels in newly invented brands of furniture will also attract new purchases. The industry’s projected growth also promises availab ility of market despite the existing competition from both domestic and international markets (Keynotes, 2013). The industry also has extensive market opportunities in developed countries such as the United States that has not been able to meet its household furniture demand from its domestic productions. For example, the past two decades have identified an increasing trend in the nation’s importation of furniture. Importation of â€Å"nonupholstered† commodities has increased from a bare 20 percent in the early 1990s to a more than 60 percent record reported in 2008. The current percentage is most likely higher with expected positive trends. Importation of upholstered furniture in the same period increased from 5 percent to almost 30 percent (Buehlmann & Schuler, 2009). The market in the United States is also indiscriminative against foreign products, but values developed image by exporting countries (Buehlmann, Bumgaedner, Lihra, & Fryer, 2006). These factors, theref ore, identify available market for the household furniture project, both domestically and in other developed countries. I also prefer the project because the wide scoped market that underscores unfair competition offers room for product differentiation through innovation. Introduction The enterprise, Golden Furniture, will operate as a private limited company. Its scope of operation will include designing household furnitu

Teaching a child how to tie their shoes using the scaffolding theory Research Paper

Teaching a child how to tie their shoes using the scaffolding theory - Research Paper Example It is essentially a link used to build upon a student’s familiarized skill to move on to a much higher mastery of the concept. Mistakes are inevitable, however, with proper advice and prompting from the teacher, the student is able to accomplish the task. Upon mastery of the goal, the teacher gradually removes the scaffold to allow the child to function without assistance. When appropriately implemented, scaffolding will serve as an â€Å"enabler† and not a â€Å"disabler† (Benson, 1997). According to Vygotsky, â€Å"What the child is able to do in collaboration today he will be able to do independently tomorrow.† (Vygotsky, 1987). Instructional scaffolding may be done in sequential order and in different techniques. It may also be a combination of methods, such as modeling the desired task; breaking the task into simpler, manageable parts; thinking-aloud approach; two-way learning, which encourages teamwork among peers; prompting and questioning; training; or modeling. The teacher has to be aware of maintaining the student’s interest in tracking down the task, at the same time, not putting too much stress on the child. Tasks that are beyond the child’s capacity could increase his frustration level. However, tasks that are too elementary can cause boredom and frustration as well (Lipscomb, Swanson, & West, 2004). Larkin (2002) recommends that teachers can follow some useful ways of scaffolding: Start by increasing the child’s self-confidence. Have the child perform simple tasks that the parent thinks the child can do independently or with little or no assistance at all. This will develop self-worth. Offer adequate support to enable the child to attain success quickly. This scaffolding process will assist in lessening dissatisfaction levels and ascertain that the child remain motivated to progress onto the next step. This will also help safeguard against students becoming hopeless after a series of failures. Help

Humans and machines Essay Example for Free

Humans and machines Essay The interesting feature about discussing the interactions of humans and machines is the inadequacy of language describing these interactions or the ambiguity of the connections between humans and machines. What is really at the center of the debate is how society should view the place of machines or non-human elements within human society. In addition, the application of the technological use of non-human elements in the modern machinery of war exposes the problem of how humans have changed the practice of warfare starting in WWI and how it made war evolve from a â€Å"human† experience to an â€Å"inhuman† experience instead of a â€Å"non-human† experience. The scope of this paper is to analyze the relationships of humans and machines in general as well as in the context of war. Discussion What does it mean to be human? What does it mean to be non-human? According to Casper, the human identity is not a natural state of â€Å"being†, rather it is a constructed identity in relation to the context that society gives it. (Casper, 1994) In fact, the recognition of human social identity and the positions or functions attached to it are based on our interpretation of where these elements should be placed, for example, in order to understand or define something, we place it in ‘mental boxes’ that simplify our recognition of identity and function within society. However, Casper argues that we cannot fully justify why we assign human identities to non-human elements or vice-versa. (Casper, 1994) In order to illustrate the lack of consistency as to what we call human or non-human, she uses the example of the fetus that is considered alive for surgery, â€Å"a potential human† with human qualities but also a non-human agent for medical research using fetal tissue (p. 843). Casper mentions The Actor Network Agency (ANT) movement who finds that we should do away with natural/technical and social/cultural labels, which confuses our notions of what is human and what is not. However, this â€Å"analytical symmetry† treatment forgets to explain how we interpret the identities of agents and assign labels. Understanding how and why we label humans and non-humans may help diffuse the confusion over agent identities that bother sociologists and society so much since they cannot seem to make sense of it, for example, some people talk to their car like it was a person but a car is not a person but why do some people have the need to anthropomorphize their car whereas they would call their dog â€Å"it†? Some people would insist that animals are living beings therefore that they deserve to be referred to as he or she. (Casper, 1994) Another example in our technological society is the factory worker who gets laid off and replaced by a robot. The worker knows that he or she is better than a robot. Yet, the robot does his or her job consistently, faster, and without breaks. So, is the worker a sophisticated robot or is the robot a sophisticated worker? Bruno Latour would agree on that ambiguity because of our inadequate handling of situations in which non-human entities are mixed with human agents, especially from the perspective of sociologists. (Latour, 1988) Latour deals with this debate skillfully using an illustration to make his points: the door in a wall, opening and closing thanks to hinges (non-human element) and a human door keeper who has been assigned to close the door each time it is opened. He argues that ‘the hinge always does its work’, precise and consistent while at some time, the human doorkeeper may falter. So, the door keeper could be replaced by a non-human element the ‘door keeper number 2’ to prevent the faltering. The fact that we call the non-human element the door keeper even though it is not human, shows that we do not have ascribed what Latour calls â€Å"a coherent vocabulary† to distinguish humans from non-humans. Thus, his conclusion (p. 310) is that the reason why we have not done that is because â€Å"the delegation of competences and our social interactions imply the participation of non-humans. † The confusion is that non-humans exist within a context of figurative/non-figurative speech, not a human/non-human context. In essence, that is why we anthropomorphize our car. (Latour, 1988) Consequently, it seems that our lives are intimately intertwined with the use of technology, machines, and other tools, including robots as well as computers that all are non-human agents indispensable to our way of life. In fact, one particular illustration of such a reasonable conclusion can be found with computer hackers who, for the most part, are not considered part of ‘normal functioning society. ’ Sherry Turckle investigated MIT A. I. lab students who also are considered hackers. The main recurring idea among these students (almost exclusively male) is the fear of social interactions with other people due to a lack of trust or understanding of social interactions. Hackers are known to be loners and self-admittedly feel in control of their computer and its actions. In fact, on p. 212, this one student states: â€Å"computers have become an extension of my mind. † (Turckle, ) Their self-esteem, their existence become defined only through their medium, resulting in a gradual elimination of life experiences that paralyze them, adding to their needs to mask their personal fears of the world that exists beyond their machine. (p. 208) In contrast, there are people who even today cannot use a computer because they are afraid of revealing to others their lack of computer knowledge that has become essential in our modern society. Some may get help to improve their computer skills whereas others become so angry with the machine, taking their anger, originating from their own lack of confidence in learning new things, onto this ‘stupid’ machine; some may even become technophobic. Unfortunately for our society, science and technology have been used for warfare. Historically, wars always needed improvement in their methods of killing. As a consequence, the development of technology became a part of warfare while its propaganda glorified science and technology as the agents of victory. (Virillio, 1988) (Delanda, ) This became especially true as scientific knowledge evolved in physics, engineering, and chemistry. When WWI broke out in 1914, the weapons available then were the first of their kinds, the most inhuman of their kinds, killing many soldiers remotely: either gassing soldiers with the deadly gas phosgene or using machine guns or canons with an extended range to kill as many enemy soldiers as possible. (Visvanathan, ) In WWII, planes, tanks, and ships became more and more sophisticated with technological advances like radar and sonar. The advent of using nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki horrified the scientists who naively believed that their work would be used to deter, not to destroy. (Kaempffert, 1941) â€Å"Fat Man† and â€Å"Little Boy† were dropped on these two Japanese cities; ironically, these two deadly bombs were named as if they were human themselves. To the Japanese, the nuclear catastrophe and its aftermath on the population promoted the creation of the character â€Å"Godzilla†, a pre-historic mutant monster. With the Cold War, more weapons gradually became stealth weapons instead of ‘front’ weapons. Nowadays, machines have turned into non-human extensions of their makers or rather their military masters, for example, long-range surveying equipment on satellites allowing spying activities on neighboring nations. Yet, is it appropriate to say ‘non-human’ when modern weapons like continental missiles can kill so horribly and from the comfort of a military base on the other side of the world? The military is relying on technology more than ever by using computers, artificial intelligence research, simulation modules that mimic a battlefield or even war video games whose graphics have been rendered so life-like that video gamers who are soldiers may not know reality from fiction, killing enemy soldiers without any care, as if they were video game characters, non-human or human? In conclusion, the relationship between human and non-human agents is complex but not impossible to characterize if the realization is made that non-human agents are part of our environment and society. In fact, they occupy a greater place today than 10 years ago (computer technology, for example). The key to their seamless integration in our society is the figure/non-figurative reference style proposed by Latour as it is already used unconsciously by many of us. References Casper, M. (1994).Reframing and grounding non-human agency: what makes a fetus an agent? The American Behavioral Scientist, 37(6): 839-856. Delanda, Latour, B. (1988). Mixing humans and non-humans together: the sociology of a door-closer. Social Problems, 35(3): 298-310. Kaempffert, W. (1941). War and Technology. The American Journal of Sociology, 46(4): 431-444. Turckle, S. (n. d. ) The new computer cultures: the mechanization of the mind. Book? , publisher, year? Virillio, P. (1988). War and Cinema. Visvanathan.

civics- the constitution :: essays research papers

PART ONE- the definitions are done on the notebook along with the matching and multiple choice. SHORT ANSWER 2. A. A democracy is a form of government where the people govern themselves. A republic is a form of government where the people elect officials to make their decisions for them. A democratic republic is a form of government where the people elect officials to represent them in the affairs of the government. B. The united states government is a democratic republic. 3. A. Abraham Lincoln was describing the fact that without the consent of the people there would be no government. B. Lincoln was referring to the constitution. 4. 1. Being well informed of what our government is doing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Voting in all elections   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.writing letters to our representatives expressing our views and opinions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4. By lobbying when and if it is an option.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5. Taking legal action against a law that we may feel is unconstitutional   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6. By signing petitions in support of or against some actions taken by elected officials. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. There was no central power   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. There was no executive   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. There was no judicial system 6.exclusive federal power are those powers belonging only to the federal government. Concurrent powers are those belonging to both the state and federal governments. Denied powers are those powers that are forbidden from any government. 7. The problem was solves by dividing the powers of government. 8. Ratifying the constitution meant that nine of the thirteen states had to accept it. 9. One opposing side was called the federalists. The other opposing side was called the anti-federalists. PART TWO definitions 1. Preamble- the introduction to the constitution 2. Union- the bringing together of two or more groups to form one. 3. Welfare- the general well-being of a people 4. Posterity- those that come after us. 5. Register- to sign you name among those qualified for voting. 6. Congressional district- the section of state that is represented by one member of the house. 7. Census- the counting of people of any given area 8. Caucus- the meeting of leaders of a political party held for some special purpose 9. Impeachment- the act of accusing a political figure of some wrong doing. 10. Quorum- The amount of members of a group required to be present to complete their business. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. A SHORT ANSWER 1. The constitution was written in it’s final form by Gouverneur Morris. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. In order to form a more perfect union- I think this means in order to bring the people of our nation closer together and to make the government more stable and smoother running.

Nestle Strategic Management Essay

I. INTRODUCTION Background of the Case Nestle came to the Philippine as a trading company . They are the largest producer and marketer of food products in the world who merged with San Miguel Corporation.Nestle is the only multinational enterprise that produced coffee in the Philippines and no other foreign brand names produced under license. Nestle was also the most transitional company in the world with billions of sales, assets and profits. Although coffee consumption in the Philippines has increased double so as the market share gaining from 52% to 66% .Their position in the market has been rising and falling due to the continuous entry of foreign competitor and the increasing production cost of raw materials. Statement of the Problem Over the past years, market share of Nestle in terms of coffee products has been fluctuating due to the new entry of branded and non-branded products. Although Nescafe has a strong brand name still the management is concern on how they can strategically maintain and improve the performance of their product from a globally competitive world. Moreover, an increasing dilemma of Nescafe emerges from the entries of foreign investors who caters a lower price of their coffee brand and are aggressively competing with them in Philippine market. Objectives of the Case Study The objectives of this study is to know (1) what are the threats that affect Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s pose in the market and (2) the strategies and tactics to maintain a high market share despite a globally competitive world. II. FACTS OF THE CASE In 1905 Nestlà © was created after a merger between the Farine Lactee Henri Nestlà © Company and Anglo Swiss Milk and was diversified into a wide range of products during the post war period. And in 1930’s, Nestle came to the Philippines as a trading company joining San Miguel Corporation who was at time the largest brewer in the country associated with different diversified products. By venturing with San Miguel Corporation, Nestle had given then 45 percent equity share while the rest sixty five percent was owned by Nestle AA of Switzerland. Nestle Switzerland was the largest producer and marketer of food products in the world wherein it ranked ninth based on its asset and twenty fifth on the sales. In terms of employment, Nestle ranked as tenth and was brand as the most transitional company in the world. Nestle Philippines has produce and sold products from ice cream to tetra pack juices, pastas and sauces, seasonings and dressings, candies and condense milks. Moreover, th ey also sold Nescafe, Nestea, Milo, Coffee mate and other powdered milk. Together, these products represented seventy five percent of Nestle Sales. Meanwhile, Nescafe alone has represented fifty three percent of the department sales making the Nestle Philippines ranked tenth among Nestle subsidiaries worldwide and 3rd in the Asia Pacific region. In early 1990’s the government had greatly liberalized its regulations on foreign direct investment. Most FDI with sales directed to the domestic markets had to be at least 40% Filipino Owned. Laws were change in 1992 wherein 100 % foreign ownership was allowed in most industries, thus, wholesale distribution was opened to foreign investors. Because if the smooth transition from President Aquino to President Ramos in 1992, economic growth had begun to accelerate expecting to reach 7% in 1996 Nescafe was viewed as premium product yet many people tend to shop in a small store despite the price difference 20% lower price. According the r esearch that they have conducted its market was highest in a small stores, amongst this, market share was highest outside the big cities Historically, Nescafe had been a major producer of coffee in the Philippines. In 1996, Nescafe commanded a 66 percent of the coffee market in the Philippines. Nescafe had a very strong image and became the household brand when ordering in a restaurant. However, Great Taste who was founded by Gokongwei Group and other producers who were entering in the market was offering a big discount over Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s price has given Nestle a loss of market share from 75% in 1965, 60% until 55% on the proceeding years. With this, Nestle had to reduce its price within 5% of its competitors but still preserving the margins. This starts for Nestle to regain its market share. Prior to 1996, imports of coffee beans, processed coffee in bulk, and package coffee had been prohibited. All coffee sold in the Philippines had to be produce in the Philippines And all coffee produced in the Philippines had to be made and grown in the Philippines. But in January 1996, the situation had changed radically. The Philippines government had committed under GATT and WTO to remove many of its import prohibitions generally in agricultural products. Overtime the government had committed to increase Minimum access volume (MAV), reduce tariff on imports within MAV, and reduce tariff on import outside MAV. This has given Nestle a dilemma on facing a threat of imports especially that awareness of foreign brand was very high in the Philippines With the objective of Nestle of selling coffee at best p rice, size and taste in all segments of market, they have took several initiatives to retain and reinforce their market position. Basically, Nestle never believed in price competition because they can withstand others and retain their position in the market through their strong brand name and reputation. III. ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM Strength Nestle is the largest producer and marketer of food products with over 100 factories operating in the world. In addition, Nestle was named as transitional company in the world. Furthermore, Nestle provides quality brands and products and line extensions that are well-known, top-selling international brands. Weakness They have less customers as per research in few areas. They do not have direct market outlets and this can be one of the weaknesses as it can cause difference in profit made. Moreover, their weakness is not having enough raw material production units; they depend on either local raw material producers or through other trade channels. Also, the branding and promotion of Nestle is not extensive, therefore competitors get chance to penetrate in the market by fetching substantial share of the market Opportunities Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s weakness of not having a direct outlet can be converted as an opportunity by introduction of new direct outlets. Merging of Nestle with San Miguel Corporation, is an example of opportunity through this merging nestle can enter the new market, which is easy because of the existing companies. Threats Nestles threat would be the fast growing international brand of its competitors who are now entering in the coffee market and are capturing the curiosity of consumers. This affects the market of Nestle since Nescafe struck as a local brand and Filipinos are more likely to have this â€Å"imported mentality† that prefer imported products than those of Filipino made. Another threat would be the increasing price of raw materials. IV ALTERNATIVE COURSE OF ACTION. 1. Invest in Research and Development. Through Research and Development they could come up with a more innovative ways on how to improve their products according to the needs and wants of their customers. 2. Produce more effective promotions. This marketing strategy will help Nestle to outwit their competitors and capture the heart of consumers. Promotion is one of the best ways to keep the familiarity of their consumers on brands. Promotion can be though TV and Radio advertisements, Print ads, social networking site and sampling of products to target customers. 3. Rehabilitation of facilities, factories and local farms. Since one of the factors that affect the market share of Nestle is the lack of direct outlets they might as well invest in installing more factories to cater customers on outskirts places. Local Farms on the other hand will help produce more raw materials and will result to reduce their cost and improve profit. V. CONCLUSIONS On the alternative course of action given, research and development stands as the highest ranked amongst the alternatives. Investing with Research and Development will guide Nestle to bring innovations and renovations of product that will give them a competitive advantage over other foreign and domestic rivals. As they encounter a high level of competition especially in the globally challenged environment. Any increase in the competitive environment may have an unfavorable effect in their business, earnings and growth. Through competitive intelligence, the company gain insight needed to create a competitive advantage and come up with strategic decisions on how to compete against their rivals to maintain their position as the number one producer of food products. VI. CHANGE MANAGEMENT Once Nestle exercise the concluded option, they will able to deliver product that would create value and appeal to their consumers. Renovation of existing product will keep their pace in the industry and will help them meet consumers’ expectations. Innovation of products on the other hand will help them maintain their position in the market. They will able to reach and go beyond what the consumers expect about the product. Through continuous renovations and innovations they will able to rise and compete in a globally challenge environment. VII. RECOMMENDATIONS: Monitoring and evaluating their products and market continuously gives Nestle a clear vision of their market position and it will help them to shape a proper competition to take advantage over their competitors and also to set up a better brand image. Nestle can improve its profit margin further by establishing their own retail outlets, thus, ensure availability of products to the hand reach of the customers. On the other hand, the cost of raw materials has been on a rise over the past few years which have caused an increase in the production costs. Local farms that will produce their raw materials will reduce their cost and hence, improve their profit.

Crime Scene Sketching

Crime Scene Sketching The effect of modern media on crime scene investigation has led most people to believe that crimes are relatively easy to solve and may only take a day or two to complete. In actuality crime scene investigation is a lengthy process in which investigators can spend years investigating one crime. The components of crime scene investigation themselves can be rigorous and demanding depending on the circumstance.A vital piece of crime scene investigation is crime scene sketching; a tool that seems to be less in the forefront of modern television shows, perhaps because this is a less effective way to portray the gore that attracts the audience to most of these shows in comparison to crime scene photography that is often highlighted in shows like CSI. Crime scene sketching however is a critical part of crime scene investigation.Crime scene sketching in comparison to crime scene photography can capture a â€Å"bird’s eye† view of the crime scene, can show relativity between items and can offer a â€Å"whole crime scene picture† instead of being in fragmented pieces or from one particular angle like photographs. Crime scene sketching has been a long standing process in investigations and is a technique that has an abundance of benefits. It is a permanent record that provides supplemental information that is not easily accomplished with the exclusive use of crime scene photographs and notes.A crime scene sketch depicts the overall layout of a location and the relationship of evidentiary items to the surroundings. It can show the path a suspect or victim took and the distances involved. It can be used when questioning suspects and witnesses. During trial, the crime scene diagram correlates the testimony of witnesses and serves as a tool for relaying reference and orientation points to the prosecutor, judge and jury. A crime scene sketch is a rough drawing/scale model drawing composed by an investigating officer at the crime scene .The crime scene sketch is a simple line drawing that indicates the position of the body in relation to fixed and significant items in the scene (ex: a door, table or window)(Garrett). It is usually in addition to an officer’s written report and photographs. The crime scene sketch is an amazing visual aid, and because officers can choose which items to include in the sketch it can eliminate unnecessary items that photographs can’t like clutter or items that are unrelated, it also can highlight the significance of important items like the closeness between the victim and the murder weapon or unusual blood spatter. DOJ Wisconsin) It has been well established in court that a well drawn diagram is an aid to the judge, jury and witnesses in visualizing the crime scene. Their admissibility usually lies in their relevance and accuracy. This type of evidence may be referred to as illustrative or demonstrative evidence. (DOJ Wisconsin) Even poorly drawn sketches have been admit ted into evidence, as long as they are shown to be fair representations of the scene and it's surroundings. There are four types of crime scene sketches used in investigations; Overview sketches consist of a bird’s-eye-view or floor plan sketch of the scene.This is the most common type of sketch and consists of items on the horizontal plane. An elevation sketch portrays a vertical plane rather than a horizontal plane. Examples include bloodstain patterns on vertical surfaces such as walls or cabinetry and bullet holes through windows. Exploded view or cross-projection sketches consist of a combination of the first two sketches. It is similar to a floor plan except the walls have been laid out flat and objects on them have been shown in their relative positions.Perspective sketches depict the scene or item of interest in three dimensions. It is the most difficult sketch to create and requires some artistic skill. (Gerber, 216) When an investigating officer begins his sketch he must have paper (typically graph paper to include proper measurements to scale, but blank paper is often used), a pencil and eraser, a ruler or straight edge and a steel tape usually 100’ ft. It is also extremely beneficial to have a compass to determine true North.Measurements are an important part of the crime scene sketch, something that photographs cannot do. In photographs angles can make objects appear closer or further apart than they are in actuality. Drawing things to scale is not always necessary, although it is valuable to do so. Drawing sketches to scale avoids a distorted view of the scene; measurements must be reduced in proportion so that they bear correct relationship to each other; however, in drawing sketches not to scale Sketch can be accomplished more quickly than a scaled diagram.Items are placed in the diagram based on approximation by the investigator drawing the scene. This type of diagram may provide a distorted view of the scene. Correct proportions and relationships between objects may not be maintained. Measurements are recorded on the sketch or in a chart. This rough sketch may be used to complete a scaled diagram later. These diagrams should be clearly marked as not to scale. (Garrett) All measurements are taken from a fixed point, a door or window, stairs or a chimney. They should be exact and taken with a steel tape or ruler.Usually one investigator takes the sketch while another officer takes measurements and while investigators can often estimate relative distances or positions in rough sketches; measurements are taken for exact locations. In situations where no measurement instruments are available investigators can use pace measurements but these are not exact and are often less reliable and credible. (Hess and Orthmann) A crime scene drawing is one of the simplest and most effective ways to show measurements, these measurements are important because they show relativity and distance between significant items.The inv estigator has five ways to show these measurements in a crime scene drawing. These measurement techniques include: Straight-line in which two measurements are made, one from each side of the object, to a fixed point in the diagram. This method is usually used to mark positions of furniture or evidence against a wall like blood spatter. The second method an investigator can use is the rectangular coordinates or perpendicular distance method in which two measurements are taken at right angles of an item to the nearest two permanent objects, often walls.This method is usually the best way to mark the location of a body or other significant evidence. The polar coordinates or triangulation method is done by using a compass and a protractor, the investigator locates two fixed points and transfers this information to the sketch. Measurements are then taken from these two fixed points to the object, forming a triangle, where these two points intersect is the exact location of the object. Th e fourth method used for finding measurements is the base line method; this method is used for a scene that doesn’t have a straight perimeter like a large wooded area or a river.In the baseline method a straight line is drawn through the scene and each end is located and measured. A starting point is designated (ex: the north side of the river is determined the starting point) and the base line is then used as a reference for all of the other measurements. The final technique for measurements is the two fixed point method where an investigator takes two straight line measurements to two fixed points within the scene. In this method no right angle is required, but the two points used should not be close together.In a professional and legally correct crime scene sketch an officer will include a title block, this title block includes: the name and title of the investigator who drew the sketch, the date and time that the sketch was made, the classification of the crime (homicide, burglary etc. ), the identification of the victim if known, the agency’s case number, any names of persons assisting in taking measurements, the location of the location sketched, and the reference points included in the legend such as compass directions.Several CAD based programs are commercially available that can be used to create a professional and accurate crime scene diagram. With laptops becoming more common, these types of programs can be used at the scene to record measurements and generate sketches. These diagrams can also be generated back at the office using rough sketch(es) created at the scene. Portable devices now exist that can perform a 360 ° scan of a crime scene in as little as 20 minutes, capturing millions of measurements of all objects visible to the scanner. Dozens of high-resolution images are captured automatically.The device requires only the space needed by a standard photographer’s tripod. The data generated can be used to find the distan ce between any two points in the scene, to view the scene from any vantage point (including directly overhead), and to create a full-color, 3D model for investigative and courtroom purposes. (DOJ Wisconsin) With the benefits of crime scene sketching and the advancement of technology, crime scene sketching is more than ever being helpful in investigations and court. The benefit of crime scene sketching will continue to develop as more ways of crime scene sketching becomes available.